I have found 1 case play in NFHS that talks about no fielder having an opportunity to field the ball.
NFHS 8.6.12With R1 on second, B2 hits between F5 and F6, both of whom are playing close for a possible bunt. The ball touches R1 and deflects to foul ground. F5 and F6 were in such a position that there was no chance to play the ball. Ruling: If R1 accidentally touched the ball, it is ignored because the batted ball passed a fielder and no other fielder had an opportunity to make an out. If R1 intentionally deflected the batted ball, the umpire shall rule interference, the ball becomes dead, R1 is declared out and B2 is awarded first base.
There is surprisingly few cases on this - the ones I see all involve an infielder being close to the ball so it is clear they were involved in the play. Three ump clinics/camps I have attended basically defined it as infielders being in the vicinity and able to make a play.... Of course no rule sets bothers to define what 'passed an infielder' actually means.
Found a baseball case.....
(5) Runners on first and second, both runners stealing. Batter shows bunt, the first and third basemen move in, and the shortstop moves to cover third. The batter swings at the last minute and hits a ground ball in the direction of the shortstop position. However, the shortstop has moved to cover third base, and no one is in position to field the ball. The ground ball strikes the runner advancing from second base.
Ruling: Runner from second is declared out for being struck by a batted ball. The batter-runner is placed at first base. The ball is not considered to have gone through or by an infielder in this play