Who was the first hitter or instructor who suggested the door knocking knuckles, was it during the astroturf days of the 1970's, and what is the science behind the advantages behind this grip.
The alignment of the knuckles is NOT the critical factor.
The critical factor is that the pressure while holding the bat, is felt at the base of the fingers of both hands, across the top of the palm and NOT deep into the palm.
The knuckle alignment is then mostly a matter of personal comfort. However, the alignment does also effect how the forearms and wrists get the bat to the ball.
There are 3 types of common grips; the box, the knocker, and the ring.
Here they are;
Box (very common)
Ring (most common) I don't have a photo of the ring grip. It would have the top hand knuckles moved over to the black line, as the arrow shows.
Knockers (least common)
The critical element is that the top hand palm start out pretty much facing the pitcher and then be pretty much facing the sky at contact. The bottom forearm and wrist will then have to react accordingly to get to the proper contact position.
From my observations of MLB hitters, very few literally line up the knocker knuckles. They are either in a full box, or the ring grip.
Hank Aaron actually used none of the above. He overlapped the box. This causes a very wristy swing, which is what he said he had.
It forces the bottom forearm to roll, in order to get the top hand in the correct position at contact.
Hank
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